Research at the ϰϲͼ EPR Center
The research conducted within the EPR Center includes both technological innovation and application of new techniques to biological problems. The main areas of research are free radicals, spin labeling, metal complexes, and metallo proteins.
How Are We Unique?
Technical Expertise
Application of Techniques
In-House Support
Collaboration
Grants
Ending after ~2000, with EPR Center faculty as Principal Investigator
S10OD036246
05/01/2024–04/30/2025
PI: Candice S. Klug
A modern Bruker ELEXSYS-II E500 X-band CW (continuous wave) EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectrometer system is requested to replace an outdated and frequently malfunctioning version in the National Biomedical EPR Center at ϰϲͼ. The enhanced sensitivity and reliability of the new instrument will significantly improve our ability to study critical biological phenomena including protein structure and functional dynamics, mechanisms of novel redox and cancer therapeutic agents, and aid in the design of safer and more effective drugs against a broad spectrum of diseases. This state-of-the-art instrument will ensure the continued success of our NIH-funded research programs while also facilitating new scientific collaborations.
R01GM149568
06/06/2023–03/31/2028
PI: Jason W. Sidabras
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a critically important technique in biomedical research with a unique ability to detect naturally occurring or engineered unpaired electrons in complex biological environments. I focus on the development of three technical and method developments that significantly improve X-band EPR sensitivity for three classes of samples: small to medium-sized (0.1–3 nl) protein single crystals, volume-limited frozen samples (85 nl), and microfluidic (500 nl) with microfluidic sample handling. The combination of these prototypes will be easy to use and widely available to the scientific community, enabling a wide range of new applications in biomedical EPR spectroscopy.
01/01/2021–11/30/2024
MPI: Candice S. Klug, Michael T. Lerch
EPR spectroscopy is a critically important technique in biomedical research with a unique ability to detect naturally occurring or engineered unpaired electrons in complex biological environments. We will develop two innovative EPR spectrometer technologies with outstanding sample sensitivity that are easy to use and widely available to the scientific community. The resulting state-of-the-art prototypes will provide a transformative increase in throughput that will enable a wide range of new applications in biomedical EPR spectroscopy studies including structural biology, metalloprotein research, redox biology, rational drug design, and clinical diagnostics for a range of disease areas.
R01GM135581
09/20/2019–08/31/2024
PI: Michael T. Lerch
G-protein-coupled receptors are a large and diverse class of cell surface receptors responsible for regulating nearly every physiological process in the human body and are therefore important targets for drug development. In this project, we aim to elucidate the molecular basis for modulation of β2-adrenergic receptor signaling by two post-translational modifications (PTMs), glycosylation and palmitoylation, using a complementary combination of continuous-wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance techniques and functional assays. By detailing the effects of these PTMs on the conformational landscape, the results from these studies will provide insight into the understudied yet critical role of these PTMs as regulators of receptor signaling, thereby increasing researchers' ability to rationally design drugs to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
R01CA232433
04/15/2019–03/31/2024
MPI: Ming You, Balaraman Kalyanaraman, Laura Kresty
New and effective preventive agents for lung cancer are urgently needed. Selectively inhibiting cancer cell mitochondrial bioenergetics is a novel preventive strategy for lung cancer that has a great potential. By modifying lonidamine (LON), we created the mitochondria-targeted agent, Mito-LON, as a new, safe and potent preventive agent that robustly inhibits bioenergetics and induces autophagic cell death of cancer cells. We will systematically and thoroughly evaluate the chemopreventive potential of Mito-LON using both in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer and determine its primary mechanism(s) of action.
R01GM108817
09/01/2014–06/30/2024
PI: Candice S. Klug
Endotoxin, or lipopolysaccharide, from important disease-causing bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces severe septic shock in humans and can quickly lead to inflammatory disease and/or death. Endotoxin is required for the survival of these bacteria, thus the proteins and interactions involved in its transport within the bacterium are exciting potential new targets for novel antibiotics. The aim of this project is to use structural biology and microbiology assays to obtain a detailed understanding of how the endotoxin-transport proteins move endotoxin within the cell as a foundation for the future development of inventive antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria.
R01AI104922
05/23/2013–08/31/2022
MPI: Dara W. Frank, Jimmy B. Feix
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a variety of bacterial genera deliver effectors directly into host cells via a specialized injection system. Effectors encode toxic enzymatic activities that cause cell death or dysfunction leading to pathology, tissue destruction and poor outcomes for infected individuals. The long-term goals of this research are to identify how a host encoded cofactor, ubiquitin, interacts with the P. aeruginosa effector, ExoU. Mapping this interface will provide information needed to design inhibitors that may be active against a variety of bacteria, most of which are highly resistant to antibiotics.
R01CA208648
03/01/2017–02/28/2022
MPI: Ming You & Balaraman Kalyanaraman
Chemoprevention of precancerous growths in the lung from progressing to cancer and inhibiting NSCLC's metastasis using novel, potent chemopreventive agents are important strategies to reduce NSCLC mortality. Honokiol (HNK), an active ingredient of the extract of Magnolia bark long popular in traditional Asian medicines, has cancer chemopreventive properties. Here we design a new mitochondria-targeted compound (called Mito- HNK) based on HNK’s structure to facilitate its delivery to mitochondria. We will evaluate the chemopreventive potential of Mito-HNK using both in vitro and in vivo models of lung adenocarcinoma and determine its mechanism of action. At the conclusion of these studies, we will have determined the efficacy of Mito-HNK for inhibiting lung adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis and its suitability for human clinical trials.
07/01/2019–06/30/2021
PI: Candice S. Klug
The research in this study, which used novel state-of-the-art enhancements to a biophysical spectroscopic technique to enable the study of protein structure and functional dynamics, will lead to a better understanding of the physiology of disease processes such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases; cystic fibrosis; diabetes; obesity; behavioral, neurological, and psychiatric disorders; Alzheimer's disease; and cancer. This research will also contribute to the development of novel antibiotics and cancer therapeutic agents, and to the design of safer and more effective drugs targeting a broad spectrum of diseases. Additional avenues of research are expected to be uncovered once the success of the initially proposed projects is evident, fostering further opportunities for new interdisciplinary science.
12/01/2019–05/31/2021
PI: Candice S. Klug
04/01/2004–05/31/2021
PI: W. Karol Subczynski
Cataracts are a major cause of blindness throughout the world. At present, surgery is the only effective treatment. The reason for the onset of cataracts is unknown, but a great deal of evidence suggests that the presence of high cholesterol and cholesterol bilayer domains in the eye lens helps to maintain transparency and prevent cataract formation. The goal of this study was to understand how fiber-cell plasma membranes in the lens, in particular their lipid bilayer portion, change during aging and cataract formation so that alternative strategies for preventing, slowing the progression, and curing cataracts can be devised and evaluated.
07/01/2018–06/30/2020
PI: Michael T. Lerch
ϰϲͼ Cancer Center Pilot Grant
02/01/2019–02/28/2020
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
R01AA022986
12/01/2014–11/30/2019
MPI: Narayan Avadhani, Balaraman Kalyanaraman
Alcohol consumption has been implicated in a multitude of human diseases including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), liver cancer, myocardial fibrosis/infarction, pancreatitis, and disorders of the immune, endocrine and reproductive systems and estimated to cost annually over 1.5 billion dollars in the U.S. in terms of lost productivity and cost of health management. This study will advance our understanding of ALD and critical molecular targets affected. A combination of subcellular targeting of antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors and use of humanized mouse models should provide novel insights into the mechanism of the disease and also lead to development of clinically important drugs for treating or reversing the alcohol liver damage.
R01NS081936
07/01/2016–06/30/2019
MPI: Sidhartha Tan, Jeannette Vasquez Vivar
There is a paucity of effective treatments for cerebral palsy and this proposal tested a promising strategy aimed at a preventive cure for this disease. The studies tested the ways at which a vitamin-like co-factor is involved in brain injury. Using surrogate markers of magnetic resonance imaging, this study examined what happens to brain cells in the early critical phase of injury, which seems to determine the eventual course of events leading to movement disorders of cerebral palsy.
06/01/2015–04/30/2019
PI: Jimmy B. Feix
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, and is particularly problematic for patients who are immunosuppressed or require mechanical ventilation. P. aeruginosa persists chronically in cystic fibrosis patients, resulting in irreversible lung damage and mortality. The infectivity of P. aeruginosa is significantly enhanced by the Type III secreted toxin, ExoU. Our biochemical and biophysical studies of ExoU were designed to understand its molecular mechanism of activation, facilitating the development of novel inhibitors to reduce tissue damage or sepsis due to P. aeruginosa infection.
P41EB001980
03/01/1997–03/31/2019
PI: Candice S. Klug (transferred from James S. Hyde)
The mission of the National Biomedical EPR Center was to serve the community of EPR spectroscopists by development of advanced EPR instrumentation and new EPR methodologies.
P41RR001008
05/01/1976–02/28/2002
PI: James S. Hyde
The broad aim of the National Biomedical ESR Center was to create and maintain a comprehensive center with balance in all five categories of a research resource—technological research and development, collaborative research, service, training, and dissemination—with expertise in the three main application areas of ESR spectroscopy—free radicals, transition metals, and spin labels—with outstanding competence in ESR development.
06/01/2017–05/31/2018
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
R01EB002052
07/01/1979–03/31/2016
PI: Candice S. Klug (transferred from James S. Hyde)
Molecular dynamics occur in all biological molecules across a wide range of motional frequencies, some of which are central to biological function. The nitroxide-radical spin-label method, based on EPR, is suitable for the study of molecular dynamics, including dynamics with characteristic motional periods of a millisecond to a microsecond that are biologically relevant. The study applied a new EPR spectrometer with many innovative features and that operates at the high microwave frequency of 94 GHz to characterize cholesterol-mediated lipid interactions in membranes as a function of cholesterol content and temperature.
R01CA152810
06/14/2010–04/30/2015
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
The results obtained from this work likely mitigate the adverse side effects associated with breast cancer chemotherapy. This work also enables early detection of breast cancer in an animal model using a novel imaging technique.
R01GM070642
05/01/2004–07/31/2014
PI: Candice S. Klug
Multidrug resistance is a serious problem in medicine, not only in the often futile treatment of infectious diseases, but also in the treatment of cancer patients. In addition, because of the close similarity of MsbA with other ABC transporters implicated in various common genetic disorders such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, any new functional information gained by studying the easily purified MsbA is beneficial to our understanding of structure-function relationships in this very important class of integral membrane proteins. The similarity of MsbA to so many proteins in its general class, and its prevalence in pathogenic bacteria, creates an opportunity for the detailed study of this transporter that will add to our fundamental knowledge of an entire class of potential novel drug targets.
08/01/2010–07/31/2014
Project leader: James S. Hyde
This core provided input from what is generally agreed to be the leading EPR instrumental development site in the world, the National Biomedical EPR Center at the ϰϲͼ. The role of this core was to provide leadership in the development of specific aspects of the technology needed to accomplish the goals of the CMCR. These developments were carried out in collaboration with the projects and with the instrumental Core at Dartmouth, to facilitate the development of the best possible prototype instruments for EPR dosimetry.
R01NS039958
02/01/2009–01/31/2014
MPI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman, Anumantha Kanthasamy
Role of Neuronal NOS & Superoxide in Neurodegeneration
R01NS039958
04/10/2000–03/31/2004
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease. Effective treatment to intervene the progression of neurodegenerative processes in PD remains unavailable. Using a cell culture and a mouse model of PD, we developed a "mitochondria-targeted" antioxidant-based neuroprotective strategy for treating PD. These studies, which brought together chemical and neuropharmacological expertise from two institutions (ϰϲͼ and Iowa State University), helped us develop efficacious mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for treatment of PD as well as understand the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of these novel class of agents.
S10OD011937
04/01/2012–03/31/2013
PI: Candice S. Klug
This application was for an upgrade to Q-band for our current Bruker X-band E580 pulse spectrometer capable of running DEER (double electron-electron resonance), DQC (double quantum coherence), and ENDOR (electron nuclear double resonance) experiments at cryogenic temperatures. The primary use of both the current and upgraded instrument are to quantitate distance measurements between paramagnetic probes on or within biomedically relevant proteins. The major advantages of upgrading to Q-band (35 GHz) DEER from X-band (9 GHz) DEER are a >10-fold increase in sensitivity and overall higher quality distance data. The improvement in resolution, accuracy, identification, signal intensity and the collection of longer distances are of considerable benefit to an array of biological projects.
R01GM068829
09/30/2004–08/31/2012
PI: Jimmy B. Feix
The prevalence of multi-drug resistant infections is one of the most serious problems in health care, both in the United States and worldwide, leading to increased treatment costs and a growing incidence of treatment failure. There is a critical need for the development of new antibiotics, and in particular for new classes of compounds that target non-traditional sites other than cell-wall synthesis and the bacterial ribosome. Antimicrobial peptides, which display remarkable efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including those resistant to conventional antibiotics, offer a novel approach to the treatment of drug-resistant infections. Developing a more complete understanding of the interactions of antimicrobial peptides with their target cells will enhance our ability to design and develop more effective peptide and peptidomimetic antibiotics.
R01HL067244
12/16/2002–07/31/2012
PI: Jeannette Vasquez Vivar
The broad objectives of this study were designed to bridge the gap in knowledge and were based upon the hypothesis that altering basal tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism by lipid peroxidation products and reactive oxygen species has important consequences in normal nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species fluxes and endothelial physiology favoring phenotypical changes associated with atherogenesis.
R01GM005792
12/10/2001–04/30/2012
R29GM055792
04/01/1997–11/30/2001
PI: Neil Hogg
The goal of this study was to disentangle the cellular effects of nitric oxide from the direct effects of S-nitrosothiols to more fully understand how these species affect cellular function. Importantly, these studies will point to a role of S-nitrosothiols formation not simply as "carriers" of nitric oxide bioactivity but as a distinct bifurcation in nitric oxide signaling pathways.
R01HL063119
07/01/1999–03/31/2012
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
Increased levels of nitrotyrosine and nitrated proteins have been detected in a variety of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, and in neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory disorders. The overall objective of this study was to obtain new mechanistic insight into how the hydrophobic interior of biological membranes facilitates oxidation and nitration reactions of reactive nitrogen species, such as peroxynitrite or nitrogen dioxide radical. This goal of this comprehensive study of reactive nitrogen species reactions in simple well-defined model membrane system was to provide new mechanistic insight for understanding oxidative and nitrosative stress in pulmonary cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases.
R01EB001417
07/01/1979–03/31/2012
PI: James S. Hyde
This goals of this study were device-design driven. Two of the aims focused on development of novel sample resonators for EPR spectroscopy that provide substantially higher signal-to-noise ratios than those used. The third aim focused on development of a novel bimodal resonator for nuclear magnetic resonance signal enhancement by dynamic nuclear polarization.
R13CA150298
04/0/2010–03/31/2011
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
This is the first conference on in vivo spectroscopy, spin trapping, and spin labeling to be held in Puerto Rico. This interdisciplinary scientific conference brought together physicians, chemists, and biologist from the United States and around the globe, who are engaged in research activities involving magnetic resonance, structural and redox biology, radiation, cancer, and other rare diseases. The major purpose of this meeting is to discuss the applications of state-of-the-art EPR methodology in biomedical research with a view to enlightening the younger faculty, postdoctoral researchers, and graduate students on the broad scope of activities in magnetic resonance.
03/01/2004–02/28/2010
PI: Candice S. Klug
The goal of this proposal was to study the structure of the purified inner membrane protein ArnT by site-directed spin labeling EPR spectroscopy in order to provide the first structural information on this newly identified transferase. These studies were anticipated to provide insights into the local and global structure of ArnT, a previously uncharacterized integral membrane protein, which is of fundamental importance in furthering our understanding of the structure and functional dynamics of membrane proteins.
R03TW008052
02/01/2009–12/31/2009
PI: W. Karol Subczynski
Age-related cataracts are a major cause of blindness in developing countries. The reason for the onset of cataracts is unknown, but a great deal of evidence suggests that an increase in oxygen concentration in the lens interior can lead to the development of cataracts. The goal of the studies was to generate important fundamental information about the contribution of cholesterol to the process of oxygen transport within the eye lens, which should increase our understanding of the role cholesterol plays and, in turn, help contribute to the prevention of age-related nuclear cataracts.
07/15/2008–07/14/2009
PI: Candice S. Klug
R13EB007938
04/01/2007–03/31/2009
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
EPR 2007 was a joint conference of the 12th In Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging meeting and the 9th International EPR Spin Trapping/Spin Labeling meeting. It was held April 29 through May 3, 2007, in Chicago, Illinois, at the the Hilton Suites Chicago/Magnificent Mile. The meeting was sponsored by the Department of Biophysics at the ϰϲͼ and the Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology at the University of Chicago. The conference was an international workshop that brought together a community of scientists who apply the technique of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to problems intimately related to human physiology and pathophysiology. The primary focus of the meeting was on the use of magnetic resonance technology to investigate the fundamental mechanisms related to technology and structural biology, oxidate cell signaling, and biomedicine. Sessions provided a balance between studies of biological systems and advances in methodology. This helped strengthen the program and promote the effectiveness of science in the United States and around the world. In addition to other invited institutions, all of the NIH-funded EPR centers participated: National EPR Center (ϰϲͼ, Milwaukee, WI), EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems (Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH), and Center for EPR Imaging in In Vivo Physiology (University of Chicago, Chicago, IL). The EPR Group at the National Cancer Institute also participated in the conference. The meeting also aimed to attract a significant number of participants from other countries in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and South America. It was important for the United States to be well-represented at this meeting, so that our scientists were apprised of the latest technological developments from around the world and to establish future collaborations with potential postdoctoral researchers and with research groups.
R01NS040494
07/01/2000–01/31/2009
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
The broad long-term objectives of this project are to understand the direct and indirect mechanisms by which human copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (hSOD1) mutants associated with familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease cause selective toxicity to motor neurons. The goal of this study was to merge the oxidation and aggregation hypotheses in ALS SOD1-dependent toxicity using isolated hSOD1 proteins, and explore ceramide-induced oxidant signaling in G93A-transfected cells, and G93A mutant mice. Understanding the molecular basis of ALS SOD1 mutant toxicity will help improve overall strategies for developing effective drug therapy for ALS. The use of state-of-the-art analytical techniques coupled with syntheses of mitochondria-targeted spin probes and fluorescent probes should yield new insights on the molecular mechanism for increased toxicity of ALS SOD1 mutants in motor neuron cells.
R01CA077822
01/01/1999–08/31/2008
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
The long-term goal of this project was to unravel the free radical mechanisms by which doxorubicin (DOX), a cancer chemotherapeutic drug that is currently used in the clinic, induces cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.
R01HL073056
03/17/2003–02/29/2008
PI: Balaraman Kalyanaraman
The long-term goal of this proposal is to unravel the role of oxidant-induced iron signaling mechanism in endothelial cell apoptosis.
12/01/2006–11/30/2007
PI: Candice S. Klug
07/15/2002–07/14/2003
PI: Candice S. Klug
Grants
Ending after ~2010, with EPR Center faculty as Co-Investigator or Collaborator
R01NS114972
05/01/2020–02/28/2025
PI: Sidhartha Tan
Co-investigator: Jeannette Vasquez Vivar
There is a paucity of effective treatments for cerebral palsy and this proposal tests new promising drugs aimed at a preventive cure for this disease. These are new drugs aimed at inhibiting an enzyme present in brain called neuronal nitric oxide synthase. New information about how these drugs act, how they affect brain cells, and how effective they are in an animal model of cerebral palsy will be very valuable for future translation to clinical use in humans throughout the world.
R01GM140385
01/01/2021–11/30/2024
MPI: Candice S. Klug, Michael T. Lerch (ϰϲͼ)
Co-investigators: Neil Hogg, Richard R. Mett, Jason W. Sidabras
EPR spectroscopy is a critically important technique in biomedical research with a unique ability to detect naturally occurring or engineered unpaired electrons in complex biological environments. We will develop two innovative EPR spectrometer technologies with outstanding sample sensitivity that are easy to use and widely available to the scientific community. The resulting state-of-the-art prototypes will provide a transformative increase in throughput that will enable a wide range of new applications in biomedical EPR spectroscopy studies including structural biology, metalloprotein research, redox biology, rational drug design, and clinical diagnostics for a range of disease areas.
12/20/2019–12/19/2023
PI: Marija Raguz (University of Split, Croatia)
Collaborator: W. Karol Subczynski
R01GM135256
01/01/2020–11/30/2023
PI: Christopher J. Kristich (transferred from Candice S. Klug & Christopher J. Kristich [MPI])
Co-investigator: Candice S. Klug
Transmembrane kinases containing PASTA domains control critical processes in most Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, including antibiotic resistance, toxin production, virulence, cell division, and bacterial viability. The research proposed here promises to reveal new insights into the mechanisms by which this family of kinases functions to coordinate biological adaptations to environmental stimuli. These insights will facilitate development of new treatments for infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria by defining new targets for innovative therapeutics with potentially unique modes of action.
01/01/2004–05/31/2023
PI: Blake R. Hill (ϰϲͼ)
Co-investigator: Jimmy B. Feix
Mitochondria are components of cells that perform many functions critical for life and are known for being the "power plant" of the cells. The mitochondria have their own life cycle with a mechanism to destroy damaged mitochondria that involves a splitting event that separates a healthy daughter mitochondrion from an unhealthy one that is subsequently removed by the cell. This study will illuminate mechanistic details of these processes and represents an important step towards the discovery of new therapeutic strategies for both rare and common human diseases, including cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, aging, and neonatal lethality syndrome.
02/11/2014–04/30/2023
PI: Adriano Marchese (ϰϲͼ)
Co-investigator: Candice S. Klug
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is overexpressed in metastatic cancers and is associated with poor prognosis, yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which CXCR4 contributes to metastatic disease remain poorly understood. The objective of this proposal is to determine the signal transduction mechanisms by which CXCR4 promotes directed cell migration, a cancer-related process required for the spread of cancer to other tissues. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to the identification of new and innovative therapeutic targets to treat and prevent metastatic disease involving CXCR4 signaling.
R01HL058012
05/01/2015–03/31/2024
PI: Daisy Sahoo (ϰϲͼ)
Co-investigator: Jimmy B. Feix
High plasma cholesterol levels are a major risk factor for heart disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Our research is designed to understand how we can improve cholesterol removal from the body and lower plasma cholesterol levels. Our findings will help identify new strategies for treating heart disease and other related complications.
R01EY015526
04/01/2004–05/31/2021
PI: W. Karol Subczynski (ϰϲͼ)
Co-investigator: Jimmy B. Feix
Cataracts are a major cause of blindness throughout the world. At present, surgery is the only effective treatment. The reason for the onset of cataracts is unknown, but a great deal of evidence suggests that the presence of high cholesterol and cholesterol bilayer domains in the eye lens helps to maintain transparency and prevent cataract formation. The goal of this study was to understand how fiber-cell plasma membranes in the lens, in particular their lipid bilayer portion, change during aging and cataract formation so that alternative strategies for preventing, slowing the progression, and curing cataracts can be devised and evaluated.
2016/22/M/NZ1/00187
04/01/2017–03/31/2021
PI: Marta Pasenkiewicz-Gierula ( Jagiellonian University, Poland)
Co-investigator: W. Karol Subczynski
Research Training Program in Vision Science
9/1/2008–12/31/2018
PI: Joseph C. Besharse
Mentor: Candice S. Klug
The goal of the project was to train a new generation of vision science researchers at the predoctoral level that are highly competent in the newest technologies and at the same time mindful of the important role of interdisciplinary, collaborative and translational research in major scientific advances. Our challenge was to expose them to the major problems that need to be solved in vision research while providing in depth training in the technologies essential for research.
P41EB001980
National Biomedical EPR Center
03/01/1997–03/31/2019
PI: Candice S. Klug (transferred from James S. Hyde) (ϰϲͼ)
Co-Investigators & Collaborators: William E. Antholine, Brian Bennett, Jimmy Feix, Michael T. Lerch, Richard R. Mett, Jason W. Sidabras, Robert A. Strangeway, W. Karol Subczynski
The mission of the National Biomedical EPR Center was to serve the community of EPR spectroscopists by development of advanced EPR instrumentation and new EPR methodologies.
09/01/2009–08/31/2011 & 03/01/2013–02/28/2017
PI: Cynthia M. Czajkowski (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Co-investigator: Candice S. Klug
Ligand-gated ion channels are proteins that reside in the membranes of all nerve cells. These proteins form channels through the membrane to allow neurons to signal one another at synapses, and thus regulate information flow throughout the brain. Defects in these channels lead to wide variety of neurological diseases and psychiatric conditions and they are the targets of a large number of clinically used drugs. We cannot hope to predict the actions of a drug, design safer and more effective drugs, develop better therapeutic strategies or predict the outcome of a disease-causing mutation without knowledge of how these channels work at a molecular level. The goal of this project was to advance our understanding of how these important channels work.
4/10/2012–3/31/2016
PI: Vsevold Gurevich (Vanderbilt University)
Co-investigator: Candice S. Klug
This study focused on the elucidation of the structural basis of arrestin-dependent activation of the pro-apoptotic JNK family kinases and their activators MKK4/7 using biochemical and biophysical methods. The potential of arrestin mutants with dramatically reduced ability to activate JNKs, that were constructed based on this info, to protect cells against insults and prolong their survival was tested, and the ability of the mutants that activate JNKs more efficiently than wild type arrestins to facilitate cell death also was tested. Molecular tools that specifically increase or block pro-apoptotic signaling have therapeutic potential in disorders associated with excessive cell proliferation (e.g., cancer) or death (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases).
R01EB002052
07/01/1979–03/31/2016
PI: Candice S. Klug (transferred from James S. Hyde)
Co-investigators & Collaborators: Jimmy Feix, Richard R. Mett, Jason W. Sidabras, Robert A. Strangeway, W. Karol Subczynski
Molecular dynamics occur in all biological molecules across a wide range of motional frequencies, some of which are central to biological function. The nitroxide-radical spin-label method, based on EPR, is suitable for the study of molecular dynamics, including dynamics with characteristic motional periods of a millisecond to a microsecond that are biologically relevant. The study applied a new EPR spectrometer with many innovative features and that operates at the high microwave frequency of 94 GHz to characterize cholesterol-mediated lipid interactions in membranes as a function of cholesterol content and temperature.
R01GM081756
09/01/2008–06/30/2012
PI: Vsevold Gurevich (Vanderbilt University)
Co-investigator: Candice S. Klug
Arrestins are multi-functional adaptors that mobilize various signaling molecules to G protein-coupled receptors and microtubules with different functional consequences. The goal of this study was to elucidate the conformations of receptor-bound and microtubule-bound arrestins to understand how arrestin conformation affects its interactions with signaling proteins and the consequences of their binding. This information will set the stage for designing arrestin-based molecular tools for targeted manipulation of cellular signaling that can be used for experimental and therapeutic purposes.
R01HL078937
03/15/2006–02/28/2011
PI: Galen M. Pieper (ϰϲͼ)
Co-investigator: Jeannette Vasquez Vivar
The loss of cardiac muscle cells is a significant problem in human cardiac transplants that may contribute to poor heart function. Our studies aimed to identify a potential molecular problem intrinsic to cardiac cells that predisposes to cell death and injury. A better understanding of this molecular process may lead to better strategies to prevent injury cardiac cells in these patients.
Publications
Bluma MS, Schultz KM, Kristich CJ, Klug CS. . Protein Sci. 2023 Jul;32(7):e4697. doi: 10.1002/pro.4697. PMID: 37312631; PMCID: PMC10303680.
Schultz KM, Schneider JR, Fischer MA, Cina NP, Riegert MO, Frank DW, Klug CS. . Protein Sci. 2023 Aug;32(8):e4724. doi: 10.1002/pro.4724. PMID: 37417889; PMCID: PMC10360375.
VanZeeland NE, Schultz KM, Klug CS, Kristich CJ. . J Mol Biol. 2023 Sep 15;435(18):168216. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168216. Epub 2023 Jul 28. PMID: 37517789; PMCID: PMC10528945.
Cina NP, Klug CS. . Appl Magn Reson. 2024 Mar;55(1-3):141-158. doi: 10.1007/s00723-023-01590-3. Epub 2023 Aug 7. PMID: 38645307; PMCID: PMC11025719. (Special Issue: Wayne Hubbell – on the Occasion of His 80th birthday)
Flood AB, Sidabras JW, Swarts SG, Buehler PW, Schreiber W, Grinberg O, Swartz HM. . Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2023 Sep 18;199(14):1539-1550. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncad022. PMID: 37721065; PMCID: PMC10505939.
VanZeeland NE, Schultz KM, Klug CS, Kristich CJ. . J Mol Biol. 2023 Sep 15;435(18):168216. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168216. Epub 2023 Jul 28. PMID: 37517789; PMCID: PMC10528945.
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Mainali L, Raguz M, Subczynski WK. . J Phys Chem B. 2013 Aug 1;117(30):8994-9003. doi: 10.1021/jp402394m. PMCID: PMC3762674
Rice AJ, Alvarez FJD, Schultz KM, Klug CS, Davidson AL, Pinkett HW. . J. Biol. Chem. 2013;288, 21228-21235. PMCID: PMC3774390 **JBC Paper of the Week
Schultz KM, Feix JB, Klug CS. . Protein Sci. 2013 Nov;22(11):1639-45. doi: 10.1002/pro.2369. PMCID: PMC3831678
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Francis DJ, Hubbell WL, Klug CS. . Appl. Magn. Reson. 2012, Volume 43, Number 3, Pages 405-419. PMCID: PMC4240029
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